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Merely like giving safety as well as preventing crashes, these tree caring also as maintenance business will surely keep tidiness, upon a portion of customers. Overgrown and also undesirable trees will surely generate a mess, as well as this will certainly additionally aid in interfering with all the physical appearance of one's stunning yard or even excess landscape. Help Make particular in order to contact fort worth tree pruning firms, as well as repair a day and also time along wit h them.
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Some undesirable sound tree trunks might hinder your job, and also a person require expert Tree service, throughout such emergency situations constantly. at existing, acquiring rid regarding undesirable trees is not a hard activity, when you have agents in order to immediate a person using the complete treatment. Numerous other in contrast for you to getting rid of unnecessary trees, you can in addition prepare to always be able to remove dead trees without dealing Sprinkler I nstallation Frisco with just about any type of trouble.
It's essential pertaining to one to understand the factors of working using fort really worth tree service. Because these trunks are tough as well as old, consequently; an individual call for proper devices and in addition equipment with regard to acquiring rid associated with trees. they tend to be educated well, and also utilize appropriate equipments pertaining to obtaining rid of tree trunks securely.
Social Media Marketing UK. If the color used is too flashy or too dull, the customer will probably be repelled within a few moments of arriving in your page. Now a lot more than ever, network marketers are using the net to connect to people all over the world. Increasing customers' demands are also certainly one of the cases to explore diversify paths in business solutions. However, the emergence of social media signage introduced multiple brands with a new scope to rehearse different and effective social media marketing strategies.
By: Dean Caporella. But try taking some time for you personally to also notice the amount of times these videos are viewed and shared and tweeted and re-tweeted and you'll start getting excited. Right now you have an opportunity to consider benefit of this oncoming wave and a huge impact in your local market - before it gets to be a trend. Right now you've an opportunity to consider advantage of this oncoming wave and make a huge impact in your local market - before it turns into a trend. Carla Baldock focuses on fast-tracking the prosperity of home business entrepreneurs by sharing effective online marketing promotion strategies.
Use Video on Your Linked In profileFinally, you can use your video as a profile on social networking & sites liked Linked in. If people can not trust in after this you any efforts you place into social networking for business is planning to be wasted. 52 will be the average number of seconds a user will always be on a website without video. Offer polls about products you offer or products you are thinking of selling.
Writing articles and submitting them to articles directories such as http://www. The more efficient the product distribution may be the more sales and therefore more profits. The more efficient the product distribution may be the more sales and therefore more profits. Of course there will probably be a shift in the creative approach and also the viral marketing strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to produce use of ads to target users which will most likely search, watch and engage along i7 group espaol with your video.
The viral power of the business social media marketing campaign is large so you need to think about having such campaign inside your overall marketing strategy. marketingtitan. He has worked having a variety of clients offering expert marketing advice and guidance to clients round the world. Oh, you will not become sitting back regarding long however, since the business will start coming in as soon since it i7 group review goes live for that public.
In the start it is usually rough. It's called experimentation and that we all go through it. Most people shy from this method only because they do not see themselves as writers.
4- Build Your Fan Page UniqueAlthough there isn't a whole great deal of flexibility when it comes to customizing your Fan Page right now, more and more applications are becoming available to use. The course i7 Group covered the key topics i7 group review of online mar keting. AnotherWayMarketing.
Train Just Like You Mean It. Quality is definitely important when it comes to a marketing video because if your video isn't quality then it will not be shared. By: Sarah hopkins.
Understand the Environment
. You are able to use the information to compare the final results of numerous campaigns. There are videos that receive a great deal of traffic on a regular basis. Some forms of adverting for these schemes market books or compact discs about getting rich quicker rather than asking participants to invest directly inside a concrete scheme.
In Part II we are going to discuss specific strategies for content, viral marketing, and SEO for industrial videos. Social media marketing may be the future of online marketing, so if you want your company to be there if the dust settles, don't delay, ac t now to make sure https://www.thebalance.com/marketing-4073995 your company survives and thrives. For tips and advice to aid you find the best internet Marketing Video strategies, go to his blog: Wealth Success Ventures. some pages on various Web 0 sites and rank them in Google. Tips & WarningsArray.
As a professional landscape designer, I primarily use two software programs in my design practice: the first is Dynascape, and the second is Realtime Landscaping Architect by Ideaspectrum.
To develop a design, I first personally measure the site, even if there is already an existing survey for the property, as measurements for surveyors and measurements for purposes of landscape design are not similar. I take an accurate placement of the building footprint as well as all windows and doors, because this influences the landscape design, but rarely if ever serves the purposes of a legal survey of the property. - Which is why I do my own measurements. In addition, trees and significant shrubs are often surveyed. I like to verify these myself, and it is usually accurate, however I also need to determine with the owner which of these are to stay and which are to be removed . Other pertinent details are verified which could affect a landscape design. Not to mention, much of the unconscious design process happens for me during this crucial time while I am in essence "interviewing" and getting to know the site.
Then, I use Dynascape software to create the layout of the property and buildings, so that the landscape area to be designed is suitably represented on the drawing. Dynascape is a type of CADD program (CADD stands for computer-aided design and drafting). It supports the drawing of lines (vectors). While you can import images (rasters) and place them within the file, the primary thing you are doing with this program is drawing lines; accurate lines, which when printed, are to a certain scale such as 1/4" drawn = 1'-0" in the real world.
I further build the design entirely in Dynascape, a very useful design tool. Sometimes I still do studies by hand with sketches or using photographs, but it all ends up on the computer in the end, to produce a drawing for the client.
All-in-all, because of the templates, lineweight settings and ease of drawing of curves, adding plant symbols, and doing takeoffs of square and linear footages, this software program Dynascape is a timesaver. It also produces nice crisp legible black & white drawings which are legible and comprehensible to the layperson, so my clients get a better picture of what I have envisioned for them. The drawing is a great tool for discussion to further refine the design when meeting with clients. In many cases it is sufficient to hand off to a skilled landscape installer as well, without having to recreate a full set of construction documents.
Construction documents (sometimes casually called blueprints) are what builders use to build from; these are rather dry-looking and meant for one purpose and one purpose only: construction. Once the drawings are to this stage, the design has already been finalized - in larger projects such as commercial work and institutional work, several stages of drawing - from concept to further refined representation down to construction documents - are essential in communication between the design team, the owners and the municipal and government institutions involved in a major construction project. Many electronic files between the design consultants may change hands, and a common software platform such as Autocad is more appropriate for exchange of commonly understood files.
However, in skilled hands of a qualified, seasoned landscape installer, a conceptual drawing such as I produce with Dynascape is quite suitable for installation of the average residential landscape. I would further caution that if the landscape installer on a residential project cannot build without construction documents, that the installer might not be the best choice for a residential job, since people tend to like a softer, simpler landscape for their home; I have seen expensive jobs that l ook more like civic centers or hospital campuses than private estates, all due to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhxCu6cQBMs hiring the wrong design and installation team for the job. If they have to be told how to plant and steak a tree, install expensive stone patios and other fine details, then you certainly do not want them learning these refined details on your project.
Realtime Landscaping Architect by IdeaSpectrum is the other software of choice. I use this software as a 3-D visualization tool. I take the drawing created by Dynascape, import it as an image, and pop-up the landscape from this flat image into a 3-dimensional virtual world. From there, I can demonstrate the project from any angle, walk through the site virtually before the project is built, and create movies of walk-throughs and fly-throughs, all useful to demonstrate the vision and the feeling of the project to the clients before it is even built.
There is good reason for the strong reviews of this software. It is extremely affordable, and surprisingly fast to render for its https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhxCu6cQBMs humble price point. In fact, it is so much faster than other platforms aimed at the professional designer, that I prefer it. It renders movies in minutes rather than in hours, and I can walk through the project at any point in its unfolding on the fly, to make changes quickly and see the results right away. Another strong point of this project is its soft rendering which gives a much better feeling of what a landscape experience is than some overly crisp harshly lit and angular rendering from other software platforms. The ability of the trees and plants to move in the breeze, the water rippling http://www.thelawn.co.uk/ from a fountain with accompanying sound, the softness of the angles on the f orms and atmospheric quality of light give more of an impression of the actual space that is being designed and how it might feel to be in that space.
The other huge advantage to this software is that it is incredibly easy to build an entire landscape quickly. The modules for building instant houses, decks, pools, ponds, and fences make drawing these items as simple as drawing a line. Clicking on the resultant objects opens up options to adjust finishes, materials and other options. In addition, the software can import anything you create in Google Sketchup. This means that any custom item you wish to create can easily be dropped right into the landscape. A custom awning, arbor, pot or planter, can be brought right into the drawing. Also this means that the entire Google Warehouse of objects other people have created in Sketchup and uploaded, is at your disposal. I have imported cars, buildings, plants and a myriad of items that I just didn't want to have to create m yself. Also I have created a lovely Japanese-style custom arbor with translucent overhead panels into the 3-D drawing and it worked perfectly. While many of my colleages are still using Google Sketchup to render their entire landscapes laboriously, and with poor lighting effects, harsh angles and an overall "clunky" look, I am importing what I need from Sketchup or Google Warehouse into Realtime Landscaping Architect, and having it lit beautifully, rendered softly, and placed in a lovely landscape setting that took me far less time to produce. I can then on top of that create movies and walk-throughs on the fly and have the effects of breezes and sounds of water features, etc to further provide an enhanced virtual experience of the proposed landscape design.
The weak point of this software is that its terrain building is awkward and difficult to manipulate to render an accurate representation of the landform. They have promised that a new terrain module will be rolled o ut with the release of their next version planned within the next several months. I am really looking forward to that, in addition to other exciting upgrades. Other platforms can accommodate a topographic rendering from a topographical survey quite nicely, however Realtime Landscaping Architect has its own way of generating landforms that are somewhat intuitive but difficult when trying to wrestle it to stay put at the appropriate elevation. The walls are also tricky to wrangle if you want to represent a particular retaining wall at a certain height with a fixed top-of-wall and bottom-of-wall. Walls tend to pop up and down with the slightest adjustment to the terrain, even when you try to make the wall stay in place. The software takes a soft approach again, here to its disadvantage. This is why at this time it is strictly a visualization tool and not one that I can utilize to generate accurate construction drawings or even (at this time) accurate 3-D renderings. But since it is so quick to build a landscape and render the concept for the client instantly, its shortcoming here is balanced out by its quick landscape rendering to get the point across quickly and beautifully, and its otherwise incredible ease of use.
Realtime Landscaping Architect is an incredibly powerful 3-D visualization tool and a useful part of my professional design practice.
by Ami Saunders, MLA, Landscape Designer, Principal, SAUNDERS DESIGNS | Landscapes + Gardens
Flowers are the most widely used species of plants in the world. Flowers are used as a symbol on certain events such as flowers used by the bride in wedding, flowers as a symbol to a girl's transition to womanhood on a debutante ball or the cotillion, as traditional flowers on Valentines Day.
Flowers are also used as a form of a gift on special occasions such as such as mother's day, Christmas, anniversaries, or even birthdays. Flowers can also be used as decorations for parties or gatherings.
The uses of Flowers are not only restricted as decorative and as symbol of celebrations or occasions, flowers can also produce a source of food. Flowers produce nectar, which the bees will extract to store as food on there hives, whereas human extract these nectar from the hives to produce honey, some flowers are also used for medical purposes or for shampoos.
Because of the flower's attractiveness and beauty many have Sprinkler System Installation Flower Mound decided to make a profit out of these flowers by selling those beautiful flowers and started their own flowers shops. Flower Express, one of the Philippines leading online flower shop; have built an online flower shop as a means for people to easily get hold to a large variety of flowers with just the use of a computer. Flowers Express's Flower gift Philippines and Gifts Philippines can provide a means of for people to choose from many variety of flower gift and gifts.
Flower gift Philippines is a branch of Flowers Express that specializes on selling different kinds of flowers. Flower gift Philippines sells many kinds of flowers local or foreign such as Alstroemerias, Carnations, Ecuadorian Roses, Gerberas, High-Style Collection, Lilies, Mixed Bouquets, Orchids, Spring Flowers, Tulips and many more. Flower gift Philippines can also provide their customers special arrangements for special occasions such as Anniversaries, Congratulations, Christmas, Get Well, Love & Romance, Sorry, Thank You, Welcome Home, and Valentines Special.
Gifts Philippines is a branch of Flowers Express that sells different kinds of gifts. Flowers Express doesn't only sell flowers to their customers but also some other gifts with Gifts Philippines. Gifts Philippines sells different kinds of gifts such as Chocolate, Fruit Basket, Gift Ba skets, Men's Fragrances, Wines & liquors, and Women's Fragrances.
With http://ambler.temple.edu/arboretum/about-ambler-arboretum/arboretum-history Flowers Express's Flower gift Philippines and Gifts Philippines, customers are provided with services that lets them buy flowers and gifts with just the help of a computer and an internet. If you want more information on Flowers Express's Flower gift Philippines and Gifts Philippines then visit www.flowersexpress.com.ph.
De ar Readers, Please check out Katie and Jeremy's awesome blog and thank you for taking part in helping us to discover and celebrate the best in the home blogosphere. Bower Power will now join our pantheon of Best Home Blogs, and we'll see you next year.
Across the West, a historic drought - the worst in over a century - has sparked a water crisis that for the first time has forced California officials to impose mandatory statewide water restrictions.
"We need water," Gov. Gerry Brown said today. "We're gonna have to get water."
There have no been no fewer than a dozen raging wildfires, from Idaho and Oregon to Arizona, Washington and Nevada.
The Bully Fire in Northern California chewed through 10-square miles and destroyed eight homes. The landscape has become a tinderbox and water reservoirs are now bone dry. About 2,200 firefighters have been working hard to keep https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UqSm2OQEnw the flames away.
In today's announcement, officials in California announced that it is illegal to let sprinkler systems flow into the street, hose down sidewalks and driveways or use an open hose to wash your car.
"I think my husband has been guilty of coming out late at night and doing a little secre tive watering underneath the trees," resident Pam Ferko said.
Scofflaws faced fines of up to $500 a day.
Previously, residents had ignored the governor's pleas to cutback - statewide, water usage actually went up - so now Californians are being encouraged to rat out their neighbors.
"Our water complaint calls have gone up exponentially from the last two years," said Terrance Davis of the state's Department of Utilities.
Lawn sprinklers and car washes aren't the only culprits though.
Agriculture uses 80 percent of the state's water. The drought is projected to cost $2 billion in crop losses this year, which will mean higher food prices nationwide.
If you've got a lawn and hate to mow, beware the lawn service "ghosts."
"Ghosting" is an insiders' term used by lawn care professionals to describe workers who promise to come out and treat a homeowner's lawn but who don't actually do any work.
Homeowners who've been ghosted will find service flags stuck in their lawn and a receipt in their mailbox, but not much else. Complaints about ghosting and the "splash and dash" -- which is like ghosting, except a little bit of fertilizer or herbicide is thrown around -- abound on online lawn care forums.
Some consumers are catching on. More than 3,500 complaints were filed last year in the Better Business Bureau network against various lawn care services, including gripes about shoddy workmanship, contract issues or problems with billing and collections.
"Either the grass [problem] is not 'cured' or the lawn is not any better than before they came ... or the contract is never-ending, so they get stuck in that long- term contract," said Steve Bernas, CEO of the Better Business Bureau of Chicago and Northern Illinois, citing some common complaints.
David Feeney of Land O' Lakes, Fla., caught a lawn ghoster shortly after installing a home security camera in 2010. On the video he posted to YouTube, which stops and starts when motion is detected, an employee from a lawn service can be seen driving up to Feeney's house, placing a flag in the yard, knocking on the front door and leaving without doing any work, as he looks over his shoulder.
"The lawn really looked g reat, and I think that Sprinkler System Mckinney was probably why the guy decided http://www.sprinkler.com/ not to do anything," Feeney told the ABC News Fixer. "It was a Friday afternoon. Maybe he wanted to get done early and go have a beer.
"I was pretty shocked," Feeney added.
After Feeney examined the video - and the $42 bill for the nonexistent service - he complained to the lawn service, which apologized, withdrew the bill and let him cancel his account.
Bernas of the BBB said it's tough to prove "ghosting" without crouching behind the curtains or installing a security camera. "It's a spray," Bernas said. "How can you tell?"
Consumers need to check out the company and know exactly what they're signing up for - and not agree to a plan over the phone without first seeing a contract, Bernas said.
Are you having a lawn service problem? Tell it to the ABC News Fixer by CLICKING HERE.
Here are some tips for keeping your lawn and your wallet green:
Be specific. Do you just need mowing services, or are you looking for fertilizing, weeding, aerating - the whole gamut?
Find out what products and brands will be used and research the safety of any pesticides or herbicides. Are there any precautions for children, pregnant women, the elderly or pets? Ask about using less harmful alternatives.
Request a yard inspection and estimate before agreeing to anything. Be wary of anyone who will quote a price for elaborate lawn work without seeing your yard first.
Check reviews online. Get recommendations from family and friends. Talk with neighbors who have nice lawns.
Get written estimates from at least three companies.
Understand the contract. Are you paying for each mow or by the week? Does it include special services like edging or pest control? Who takes away the clippings? And what happens if it rains -- do they skip that week?
This is a big one: Does the contract automatically renew from season to season and year to year? If you aren't happy, what are your cancellation rights? Does the company offer a guarantee?
Make sure the company meets local licensing requirements a nd has liability insurance for its workers. Ask whether they use subcontractors.
Saves money - because you do not have to replace it yearly
Save time and labor yearly
Protect the environment - no need to use chemical grass and weed sprays
Retains moisture in the ground
Cons
Keeping the brick chips contained
Credit: Southerngirl09The Benefits of Landscaping With Brick Chips
Using brick chips as landscaping mulch will not only save you time and money, it will also add interest to your landscape beds.
I enjoy lawn work, and I enjoy gardening. What I don't enjoy is pulling grass and weeds. I have tried many ways to stop the growth of grass and weeds in my landscape beds. What I have not used, and what I will not use, are chemical sprays. When our home was built, the landscaping contractor placed hardwood mulch in all of the beds in the yard, including the foundation beds.
Once the hardwood mulch started to deteriorate, my husband didn't want to replace it with more wood mulch. There were several reasons for his decision. His first reason was that he felt that wood mulch seemed to attract more insects and bugs. Secondly, if the hardwood mulch contained any pine, it would be an invitation for termites. Thirdly, a couple of years ago, we read an article stating that some hardwood mulch was made by mulching old shipping pallets. The article went on to say that these pallets could have had many different items shipped on them, including any or all types of chemicals. After reading about the chemicals, we decided we did not want hardwood mulch in our landscaping beds any more.
Our last custom built house was a contemporary rancher. We used white rocks all around the house, and in a large area landscaped with multi size rocks. Not the usual style house built in Virginia, but we liked it. We called it our middle life crisis house. Anyway, I digress; we found that by having the rock all around the house, it helped to protect the foundation, kept away grass and weeds, and we liked the look.
Our current house, however, is not a contemporary house, so we needed something else. After looking around, we found two possible items to use for mulch. One product was lava rock, and the other product for consideration was red brick chips. We decided on the red brick chips, and we are very pleased with the results.
The areas we decided to use the brick chips in are the beds that surround the house, where we have foundation shrubs planted. Brick chips are not practical for areas where you want to dig, and plant your annual flowers. They are hard to move, and they should be considered as permanent mulch. While they can be moved, it would be quite a job.
Pl an Before Installing Brick Chips as Mulch
The only con I listed about brick chips is containing them. Since I didn't want them in the grass, then I needed to devise a method to contain them. My solution was an easy fix for me. On the sides and the back of the house, I simply installed bricks that blended in with the brick chips and our foundation bricks. I dug a shallow trench in which to set the narrow side of the bricks in, and I laid the bricks end-to-end long ways. Setting the bricks this way, made a nice border to keep the brick chips contained. Also, this solid row of bricks makes trimming the grass with the string trimmer easy.
On the front of my house, a sidewalk runs in front of one of the shrub beds. Installing the brick chips there was easy, since the sidewalk acted as the barrier for holding in the brick chips. Sometimes, after a hard rain, a few of the pieces will wash out onto the sidewalk, but they can easily be pushed back. The other side, on the front of the house, presented more of a challenge. This shrub bed is much larger, it is rounded on two sides, and these sides have no barrier to keep the brick chips in place. One side of this shrub bed backs up to the house foundation. And the other side of this shrub bed borders the front stoop, the front steps, and a large concrete pad, which adjoins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ox7DicTda0I the sidewalk. Around the grass side of the shrub bed, I have liriope planted. So, just behind the liriope, I installed some of the plastic edging to keep the brick chips contained.
Credit: Southerngirl09Find a Supply of Brick Chips
When I first started this project, the brick chips were being sold in bags by one of the home improvement stores in my area. This was easy; I could easily borrow my son-in-law's truck, and I could haul what I needed, when I needed it. Just as I was ready to complete the project, the home improvement store stopped selling the bagged brick chips. I called around, and I found that landscapers in the area, who sold wood mulch, also carried the brick chips. But in order to purchase the brick chips from them, I would have to buy them by the ton, and they would have to be delivered. That meant an increase in cost for the brick chips. Plus, I would have to move them from the pile, to the bed, using a wheelbarrow. And if I shoveled the brick chips from the wheelbarrow, that would entail more https://www.ideaspectrum.com/home-landscaping-software/ backbreaking labor. My daughter is one of those people who can find just about anything, so she took over the job, and she found that a local Southern States store carried them in bags. So, I was all set to complete this job.
Before installing brick chips as mulch, be sure to pull or dig up all grass and weeds in the area you are going to mulch.
Next, lay down newspapers, to prevent weeds or grass from growing. Use newspapers about five to six layers thick to cover the area where you will be putting down the brick chips, and be sure to overlap the edges. Another alternative to using the newspaper is kraft paper or cardboard. Be careful when cutting out the paper around the base of the plants, so as not to damage the shrub(s). While laying out the paper, use some bricks to keep it in place, since any small breeze can move it.
To place over the paper layer, purchase a high quality black landscape cloth, one that is guaranteed for the longest number of years. Be sure to overlap the fabric so there is no way for light to get through to encourage a weed seedling. As you lay out the landscaping cloth, move the bricks off the paper, and use them to anchor the landscape fabric, being carefu l not to tear the fabric. You can also purchase Landscape Anchor Pins (they look like large staples) to hold down the paper and fabric during installation. I prefer using the bricks since they can be used for many different jobs.
How to Install Brick Chips
Finally, add the brick chips. I use two to three inches of brick chips. Once you have covered the area with brick chips you are through. And I mean you are through! Every spring you can sit back, watch your neighbors haul wood mulch, and spread it. You will occasionally have to pull a small sprig of something that is trying to grow on top of the landscape fabric, but this is easy and not too frequent.
In Closing
Credit: Southerngirl09
I am pleased with my brick chips landscaping beds. I like the way they look. In my opinion, landscaping brick chips are a win-win fix to an age-old problem - getting rid of grass and weeds from landscaping beds.
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Every gardener and handyman or handywoman needs at least one of these multipurpose stools. I liked these carts so much that I have one outside for gardening, and I have another that I use inside the house. Oh, they make great gifts, too!
Irrigation sprinklers are sprinklers providing irrigation to agriculture, crops, vegetation, or for recreation, as a cooling system, or for the control of airborne dust, landscaping and golf courses. The sprinkler system irrigates the field and thus it is widely used in sandy areas as it checks the wastage of water through seepage and evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrig ation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions must be designed http://rachio.com/ to enable a uniform application of water.
Contents
1 Types
1.1 Industrial
1.2 Residential
1.3 Underground Sprinkler
1.4 Agricultural Science
2 Use
3 Health risks from aerosols
4 Gallery
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Types
Industrial
Sprinklers that spray in a fixed pattern are generally called sprays or spray heads. Sprays are not usually designed to operate at pressures , due to misting problems that may develop.
Higher pressure sprinklers that themselves move in a circle are driven by a ball drive, g ear drive, or impact mechanism (impact sprinklers). These can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle.
Rainguns are similar to impact sprinkler, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 40 to 130lbf/in (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 1.9inches (10 to 50mm). In addition to irrigation, guns are used for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.
Many irrigation sprinklers are buried in the ground along with their supporting plumbing, although above ground and moving sprinklers are also common. Most irrigation sprinklers operate through electric and hydraulic technology and are grouped together in zones that can be collectively turned on and off by actuating a solenoid-controlled valve.
Residential
An oscillating sprinkler is commonly used to water residential lawns, and is moved as needed.
Home lawn sprinklers vary widely in their size, cost, and complexity. They include impact sprinklers, oscillating sprinklers, drip sprinklers, and underground sprinkler systems. Small sprinklers are available at home and garden stores or hardware stores for small costs. These are often attached to an outdoor water faucet and are placed only temporarily. Other systems may be professionally installed permanently in the ground and are attached permanently to a home's plumbing system. An in genious domestic sprinkler made by Nomad called a 'set-and-forget tractor sprinkler' was used in Australia in the 1950s. Water pressure ensured that the sprinkler slowly moved across a lawn.[1]
Permanently installed systems may often operate on timers or other automated processes. They are occasionally installed with retractable heads for aesthetic and practical reasons (making damage during lawn mowing or other maintenance less likely). These often are programmed to operate on a schedule and irrigate a piece of land in zones.[2]
Underground Sprinkler
Underground sprinklers function through means of basic electronic and hydraulic technology. This valve and all of the sprinklers that will be activated by this valve are known as a zone. Upon activation, the solenoid, which sits on top of the valve is magnetized lifting a small stainless steel plunger in its center. By doing this, the activated (or raised) plunger allows air to escape from the top of a rubber diaph ragm located in the center of the valve. Water that has been charged and waiting on the bottom of this same diaphragm now has the higher pressure and lifts the diaphragm. This pressurized water is then allowed to escape down stream of the valve through a series of pipes, usually made of PVC (higher pressure commercial systems) or polyethylene pipe (for typically lower pressure residential systems). At the end of these pipes and flush to ground level (typically) are pre measured and spaced out sprinklers. These sprinklers can be fixed spray heads that have a set pattern and generally spray between 1.5-2m (7-15ft.), full rotating sprinklers that can spray a broken stream of water from 6-12m (20-40ft.), or small drip emitters that release a slow, steady drip of water on more delicate plants such as flowers and shrubs. use of indigenous materials also recommended.[3]
Agricultural Science
Center pivot irrigation sprinkler nozzles, used in crop irrigation
Rotator style pivot applicator sprinkler
End Gun style pivot applicator sprinkler
The first use of sprinklers by fa rmers was some form of home and golf course type sprinklers. These ad hoc systems, while doing the job of the buried pipes and fixed sprinkler heads, interfered with cultivation and were expensive to maintain. In the 1950s a firm based in Portland, Oregon Stout-Wyss Irrigation System, developed the rolling pipe type irrigation system for farms that has become the most popular type for farmers irrigating large fields. With this system large wheels attached to the large pipes with sprinkler heads move slowly across the field.[4]
Use
Most irrigation sprinklers are used as part of a sprinkler system, consisting of various plumbing parts, pump unit,[5] piping and control equipment. Outdoor sprinkler systems are sometimes used as a deterrent against homeless people. This sprinkler system was programmed to drench unsuspecting sleepers at random times during the night. Local businessmen soon copied this system in an effort to drive homeless people away from public sidewalks ad jacent to their businesses.[6]
Health risks from aerosols
In 2014, it was reported that use of common garden hoses in combination with spray nozzles may generate aerosols containing droplets smaller than 10 ?m, which can be inhaled by nearby people. Water stagnating in a hose between uses, especially when warmed by the sun, can host the growth and interaction of Legionella and free-living amoebae (FLA) as biofilms on the inner surface of the hose. Clinical cases of Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever have been found to be associated with inhalation of garden hose aerosols containing Legionella bacteria. The report provides measured microbial densities resulting from controlled hose conditions in order to quantify the human health risks. The densities of Legionella spp. identified in two types of hoses were found to be similar to those reported during legionellosis outbreaks from other causes. It is proposed that the risk could be mitigated by draining hoses after us e.[7]
Gallery
An underground sprinkler system about to be installed
Irrigation sprinkler watering crops.
Irrigation sprinkler
An oscillating sprinkler watering a lawn
A overhead sprinkler
Sprinkler for children
Play media
An irrigation sprinkler in action
Crop sprinklers near Rio Vista, California
See also
Drip irrigation
Irrigation
Sprinkler system timer
References
^ The Ride family's 'Nomad' brand tractor lawn sprinkler, National Museum of Australia
^ Sprinkler 101
^ Howser, Huell (November 8, 2010). "Rainbird - California's Gold (12002)". California's Gold. Chapm an University Huell Howser Archive.
^ Irrigation Pipe On Wheels Move Across Fields, July 1950 Popular Science, bottom of page 114
^ Davis, Mike (2006). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Verso. p.233. ISBN978-1-84467-568-5.
^ Thomas, Jacqueline M.; Thomas, Torsten; Stuetz, Richard M.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J. (2014). "Your Garden Hose: A Potential Health Risk Due toLegionellaspp. Growth Facilitated by Free-Living Amoebae". Environmental Science & Technology. 48 (17): 10456-10464. ISSN0013-936X. doi:10.1021/es502652n.
External links
The dictionary definition of irrigation sprinkler at Wiktionary
As summer winds down and the kids are going back to school, most people aren't thinking about their lawns. However, as master gardener William Moss pointed out on "The Early Show" Friday, this is exactly the time of year people should be thinking about growing greener grass for the next year.
Moss said the work you put in now will save you time, effort and money next spring. And while most people are out trying to establish grass in the cold, wet month of April, he said you can kick back and watch it grow.
So why is now a good time for lawn care?
Moss gave these three reasons:
o Lawns are depleted after a summer of growing, mowing, foot traffic, and pet stops
o Cooler weather encourages root growth in perennials like daylily, hosta, and turfgrass.
o Like with daffodils and tulips, effort now yields great results in spring
To help your green grass grow in the spring, Moss suggested using aeration techniques. Aeration, h e explained, reduces compaction, allows more oxygen to reach the roots, and breaks up the thatch layer.
Moss explained grubs hatch in early fall and begin to feed on turf roots, so it's important to get the grubs Sprinkler System Installation Greenville now to reduces next year's bad bugs. He suggested opting for organic certified chemicals and/or biological controls.
As for seeding, Moss said you should sow grass seed now, so the seeds can germinate without weed competition. You should buy quality grass seed, he said, adding online sources have lots of variety for homeowners.
"Weeds are dying (while the) grass is still actively growing," he told CBS News. "That will over shadow the weeds, choking them out in the spring."
For more with master gardener William Moss, visit his Web site.
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Republicans will command the House for two more years as Donald Trump's astounding White House triumph helped them keep their record-sized majority nearly intact. "He just earned a mandate," said House Speaker Paul Ryan, who now faces working with a president with whom he had a turbulent relationship during the campaign.
Democrats had envisioned that voters repulsed by Trump comments about women and Hispanics could provide potentially big Election Day gains in suburban and ethnically diverse areas. Instead, the Democrats suffered a dispiriting day with just modest pickups, a maximum of nine, as the GOP swept to control of both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue.
That was well below the 30 seats Democrats needed to capture House control. Republicans currently hold a 247-188 majority, including three vacant seats, the most the GOP has had since their 270 in 1931.
"He turned politics on its head," Ryan, R-Wis., told reporters gathered Wednesday in his hometown of Janesvill e, Wisconsin. Ryan credited the president-elect with helping carry Republicans into Congress and promised to work "hand-in-hand" with him on a GOP agenda.
By Wednesday, Republicans had at least 238 seats - guaranteeing an extension of their six-year run of House control - and just six of their incumbents had lost. The GOP retained seats in Minnesota, New York, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Iowa and Wisconsin that Democrats had coveted.
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said the two parties "have a responsibility to come together and find common ground." In a written statement, she suggested cooperating with Trump on infrastructure projects and said she will "pray for his success."
It was initially unclear what impact the marginally smaller size of the GOP majority would have on Ryan, who'd angered some Republicans by refusing to campaign for Trump.
While one member of the hard-right House Freedom Caucus was defeated, several newly elected Republican s could bolster it. That would increase conservatives' leverage to demand their way on issues like curbing spending and government regulations.
In Florida, freshman GOP Rep. Carlos Curbelo won a race that underscored the limits of Trump's damage to Republicans. With around 7 in 10 of the Miami-area district's voters Hispanic, Democrats targeted it and the race became one of the country's most expensive with an $18 million price tag. But Curbelo distanced himself from his own party's nominee and prevailed.
Virginia freshman Rep. Barbara Comstock kept her seat in the well-heeled Washington, D.C., suburbs despite Democrats' attempts to lash her to Trump.
Democrats defeated two Florida GOP incumbents, but that seemed due to local circumstances.
Rep. John Mica, 73, a 12-term veteran from the Orlando area, was criticized by GOP strategists for a lackluster campaign and lost to Democrat Stephanie Murphy, a political neophyte. Democrat Charlie Crist, once the sta te's http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/AZ.html Republican governor, defeated Rep. David Jolly in a St. Petersburg district redrawn to favor Democrats.
Democrats also beat GOP Reps. Scott Garrett, a Freedom Caucus member from New Jersey's New York City suburbs; moderate Bob Dold from outside Chicago; Cresent Hardy of Nevada and New Hampshire's Frank Guinta.
Just one Democratic incumbent had lost by Wednesday, Nebraska's Brad Ashford.
Both parties' candidates and outside groups spent nearly $1.1 billion combined on House campaigns, shy of the $1.2 billion record in 2012, according to the Center for Responsive Politics, a nonpartisan research group. Republicans had only a slight financial edge.
Even with the Ryan-led House GOP's current formidable advantage, work stalled this year on spending bills after hitting objections from conservatives.
Moving into 2017, Congress faces a fresh round o f budget legislation plus the need to renew the government's borrowing authority or face an economy-jarring federal default. Those are never easy to pass.
Ryan, 46, has said he wants to be speaker in the new Congress and has expressed confidence in doing so. But he is not immune to ire from the Freedom Caucus, which chased former Speaker John Boehner from Congress last year, and other Republicans upset over his frigid treatment of Trump.
Just a handful of disgruntled conservatives could possibly block Ryan from the 218 votes he'd need to retain his post. That would be an embarrassing setback for the GOP's 2012 vice presidential candidate, who may harbor White House aspirations.
9:10 p.m.ET Winners of competitive House races:
Arizona 1
Arizona 2
California 7
California 10
California 21
California 24
California 25
Colorado 3
Colorado 6
Florida 2 - Neal Dunn (R)
Florida 7
Florida 10 - Val Demings (D)
Florida 13 - Charlie Crist (D)
Florida 18 - Brian Mast (R)
Florida 26
Illinois 10
Indiana 9
Iowa 1
Iowa 3
Kansas 3
Maine 2
Michigan 1
Minnesota 2
Minnesota 3
Minnesota 7
Minnesota 8
Nebraska 2
Nebraska 3
Nevada 4
New Hampshire 1
New Jersey 5
New York 1
New York 21
New York 22
New York 23
New York 24
New York 25
Pennsylvania 8
Pennsylvania 16
Texas 23
Utah 4
Virginia 4
Virginia 5
5:11 p.m. ETHouse Democratic Leader Pelosi said at remarks at the Democratic National Committee that FBI Director Comey became "the leading Republican operative in the country" after sending his initial letter to Committee chairs.
She and DCCC Chair Ben Ray Lujan didn't sound optimistic about picking up a large number of House seats, much less retaking the H ouse. She said they don't intend to lose a single incumbent seat.
-- CBS News' Walt Cronkite.
12:07 p.m. ET Paul Ryan is confident he'll remain speaker of the House next year.
Once Congress returns to Washington next week, House Republicans are slated to hold internal leadership elections -- but Speaker Paul Ryan seems confident his spot as the top House member is secure.
Ryan told a group of reporters Monday in Wisconsin that he is "not worried" about any change in his position.
"I feel very good where I am," Ryan said outside of a local Republican party office, according to Politico. "I've gotten such a great outpouring of support from members. They know I took the job as a sense of duty, that duty is not done, and I plan on continuing doing that duty."
On a Democratic conference call Monday reported by Politico, Democratic leaders blamed FBI Director James Comey for hurting their chances to take back the House.
"We would be in a better place [without the letter] and in the manner he did it," Pelosi reportedly said on the call. "It was out of line, but it helped us in one respect: it brought in small donors. The fact is we had a momentum going with Hillary's campaign."
She noted that in the closing days of the election that Republicans were "coming home anyway, but a couple of points nationwide has an impact on our races." Politico reported that House Democratic aides estimated that Democrats could, as a result of Comey's letter, lose up to 12 seats they'd hoped to pick up.
-- CBS News' Reena Flores
11:40 a.m. ETCBS News is monitoring 47 competitive House races. Bolded names are incumbents.
The death of a Connecticut attorney found shot in the head in a wrecked car in 2014 was not a homicide as his family believes, a state prosecutor said Tuesday in announcing the conclusion of a criminal investigation.
Gugsa Abraham "Abe" Dabela, 35, crashed his Mercedes SUV near his home in Redding shortly after 1:30 a.m. on April 5, 2014, and died of what appeared to be a self-inflicted gunshot wound to his head, Redding police said. Dabela's blood-alcohol level was nearly 2.5 times the legal limit, police said. The medical examiner's office ruled his death a suicide.
"The evidence does not support a conclusion that Attorney Dabela's death was a homicide," Danbury State's Attorney Stephen Sedensky III said in a statement announcing his findings.
Dabela's family disputes authorities' version of what happened and believe race -- Dabela was black and Redding is a predominantly white town -- was a factor in the investigation's findings, which authorit ies deny. Relatives say many questions remain unanswered, including why Dabela's DNA was not found on the gun's trigger or the bullet that killed him, why there was a footprint on his back and why the body wasn't tested for gunshot residue.
A lawsuit by Dabela's father against Redding police also says the younger Dabela, who grew up in Bethesda, Maryland, received a text message on the night of his death that read, "turn he just didn't," apparently referring to the SUV crash. The lawsuit alleges information about the sender of the text was deleted sometime after Dabela's death.
His father, Abraham Dabela, said he believes the truth will come out in a pending lawsuit against Redding police.
"My son was killed," said Dabela, a medical doctor in Maryland. "We will continue to pursue the issue until either I die ... or we don't have funding anymore to pay the lawyer."
The family's lawyer, Keith Altman, called Sedensky's conclusion "outrageous" and said Dabela had no history of mental illness or suicidal thoughts.
"Prosecutors don't say crimes weren't committed when they don't know exactly what took place," said Altman, whose law firm is in Southfield, Michigan. "So why he (Sedensky) chose to do this here, I don't know.
"But I can tell you discovery (in the lawsuit) is going to come down and I don't think it's going to be pretty for them," Altman said, referring to Sedensky and police.
Altman said he intended to subpoena Sedensky for a deposition in the lawsuit, which was filed in federal court.
The state chapter of the NAACP also has been looking into the case. Scot X. Esdaile, president of the state chapter, said he was disappointed in Sedensky's ruling and wants the prosecutor to explain.
"Hopefully he has something that could significantly back his statement," Esdaile said.
Sedensky defended his investigation and conclusions in a phone interview Tuesday.
"I feel badly for the family and this is a tremendous loss to the family," he said. "My office put the time in to address the concerns they had. I take my job very seriously. If a citizen in my judicial district dies as a result of https://law.yale.edu/ a crime, I want to see that prosecuted."
Sedensky said Dabela's DNA was found on the gun's grip, but not the trigger, and acknowledged Dabela's DNA wasn't found on the bullet. He said the DNA of three other people were found on the gun, but that possibly could have been the result of D abela shaking hands with people with whom he socialized on the night of his death.
Dabela also was not shot in the back of the head like the lawsuit alleges, Sedensky said. He said the bullet's entrance wound was behind his right ear.
The lawsuit by Dabela's father also alleges animosity between Redding officials and Dabela. It says that Redding police wrongly delayed Dabela's application for a permit to carry a concealed handgun in 2013 before finally giving it to him, and that he and a town finance official had a heated argument over property taxes two nights before his death.
Redding Police Chief Douglas Fuchs has said there was no animosity between police and Dabela.
LONDON, England (CNN) -- A landscape restoration of a rubbish dump has won the Energy, Waste and Recycling category at the 2008 World Architecture Festival in Barcelona, Spain.
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Spanish architects Batlle and Roig have returned a 150 hectare rubbish dump back to nature.
"La Vall d'en Joan" (The Valley of Joan) project, designed by Spanish architects Batlle and Roig, has transformed a 150 hectare site in the Garraf Natural Park, south-west of Barcelona into a green terraced agricultural landscape.
In awarding the prize, judges Luis Mansilla -- Mansilla + Tunon architects -- and Martin Keiding -- editor-in-chief of Arkitektur DK -- described the scheme as: "a perfect example of bringing dead nature back to life by converting rubbish into a beautiful piece of landscape architecture...using few and humble means".
Joan Roig of Batlle and Roig Architects told CNN: "The idea was to create a system of hills and banks in a way that would avoid erosion from water and to give the rubbish dump back to nature with a natural design."
Work to transform the site -- the largest landfill in Spain -- began in 2000 and was completed earlier this year. It is a striking redrawing of a previously scarred and polluted landscape.
The landfill has been servicing Barcelona's metropolitan area for over 30 years. More than 20 million tons of rubbish was spread around the valley before the site was closed in 2006. In some places, you would have to dig down over 100 meters before you found soil again.
But this isn't just a cosmetic makeover . There is an underground drainage system on site which filters contaminated waste fluids. Part of this recycled water is then used to irrigate the park. "The whole project is very sustainable," Roig said.
Furthermore, the dump is also utilizing the bio gas that is emitted to provide electricity.
Some of the rubbish has remained above ground. Housed in large steel cages which flank the entrance to the site, Roig says they serve as a permanent reminder to visitors of the site's previous life.
Judge, Martin Keiding told CNN: "It's a very beautiful and simple design. It Sprinkler System Installation is landscape architecture that is inspiring. It is a very good example that everyone could look at and say: 'We could do the same.' This competition is about pointing out good examples that could inspire architects."
Batlle and Roig's winning design was one of eight short-listed projects in the Energ y, Waste and Recycling category, which was notable for the variety of entries.
They range from state of the art, hi-tech plans such as the Digital Beijing designed by Studio Pei Zhu and Urbanus, right down to low-cost, primitive ventures like the Community Cooker devised by Kenyan company, Planning Systems Services.
The communal cooker is turning rubbish into fuel to feed residents of one of Africa's biggest slums -- Kibera -- on the outskirts of Nairobi, Kenya. The project was highly commended by the judges.
"Sustainability is a very import ant issue and so are the questions about rubbish, especially in Third World countries," Keiding said. "The community cooker is a way of introducing a solution directly into the society."
Keiding, himself a trained architect, believes that Energy, Waste and Recycling is the most important category at the inaugural World Architecture Festival. "We are facing big problems, so it is a great opportunity for architects to work seriously with this problem on many different levels.
"I think flashy executive buildings are interesting in one sense but they are not interesting if they are not dealing seriously with this matter. In my opinion you can throw them out. We have to be far more serious about integrating aspects of sustainability into architecture."
Both Mansilla and Keiding noted that engineering and architecture had to combine to deal with issues concerning waste and recycling. They said that achieving sustainability was a difficult task but it also represented a great opportunity for architects to contribute to the sphere.
All About Architecture o Nature and the Environment
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